From Vulnerability to Vitality: Active Ageing as an Intervention Strategy for Improving Quality of Life in Economically Disadvantaged Older Adults in Nigeria

Systemic poverty, weak social protection systems, health disparities, and social exclusionare continuously threatening the quality of life of older adults in low-income countries such asNigeria. Despite growing recognition of population ageing globally, proactive interventionsaddressing the vulnerabilities of economically disadvantaged older adults in Nigeria remainlimited. Elderly populations are largely exposed to social isolation, elder abuse, and limited accessto care, especially in rural communities and urban slums.This discourse advances the argument that the World Health Organisation’s active ageingframework provides a viable, multidimensional strategy for improving the physical, social, andmental well-being of economically disadvantaged older adults. Drawing on activity theory,continuity theory, and empowerment theory, the paper synthesises existing empirical evidence andpolicy frameworks to examine how active ageing can enhance health, participation, and securityin later life.The paper adopts a conceptual, policy-oriented approach to advocate a shift from reactivewelfare responses toward proactive and empowerment-driven interventions. The paper concludesby emphasising the need for the systematic integration of active ageing principles into Nigeria’ssocial welfare and public health systems to promote dignity, autonomy, and improved quality oflife for older adults.